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An Internet-of-Things Initiative for One Belt One Road (OBOR)

Li Da Xu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 206-223 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016039

摘要： A wide range of industrial Internet of Things (IoT) applications have been developed and deployed in recent years. IoT has provided a promising opportunity to build powerful industrial systems and applications by leveraging the growing ubiquity of RFID, wireless, mobile and sensor devices. In an effort to understand the development of IoT in industries, this paper reviews the current research of IoT, key enabling technologies, major IoT applications in industries, and identifies research trends and challenges. As IoT has received support from governments and businesses across the globe, IoT will also greatly impact One Belt One Road (OBOR) in foreseeable future.

关键词： Internet of Things (IoT) RFID Wireless Sensor Networks Near Field Communications ICT

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Near-field radiative thermoelectric energy converters: a review

Eric TERVO, Elham BAGHERISERESHKI, Zhuomin ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 5-21 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0517-z

摘要： Radiative thermoelectric energy converters, which include thermophotovoltaic cells, thermoradiative cells, electroluminescent refrigerators, and negative electroluminescent refrigerators, are semiconductor p-n devices that either generate electricity or extract heat from a cold body while exchanging thermal radiation with their surroundings. If this exchange occurs at micro or nanoscale distances, power densities can be greatly enhanced and near-field radiation effects may improve performance. This review covers the fundamentals of near-field thermal radiation, photon entropy, and nonequilibrium effects in semiconductor diodes that underpin device operation. The development and state of the art of these near-field converters are discussed in detail, and remaining challenges and opportunities for progress are identified.

关键词： energy conversion systems luminescent refrigeration near-field radiation thermophotovoltaic thermoradiative cell

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Stress field near circular-arc interface crack tip based on electric saturation concept

Longchao DAI, Xinwei WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第3期页码 320-325 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0042-9

摘要： Within the framework of nonlinear electroelasticity, the anti-plane problem of a circular-arc interfacial crack between a circular piezoelectric inhomogeneity and an infinite piezoelectric matrix subjected to a far-field uniform loading is investigated by an electrical strip saturation model, the complex variable method, and the method of analytical continuation. Explicit closed form expressions for the complex potentials in both the matrix and the inclusion, and the stress intensity factor at the crack tip are presented. Comparison with some related solutions based on the linear electroelastic theory shows the validity of the present solutions

关键词： piezoelectric material arc crack strip saturation stress intensity factor

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超分辨近场光学成像技术及其产业开发

吴世法

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第2期页码 10-14

摘要：

超分辨近场光学成像技术是当前国内外一个重要的高新技术前沿课题，也将是我国21世纪初应该发展的一项高新技术产业。文中介绍了我国自1991年以来开拓研究的进展，探讨了国际学术界及产业开发中当前存在的主要问题，提出了各类超分辨扫描模式成像公式的乘法表达式，并作了分析比较。为解决消除假像和从有形貌等混合图像中分离纯光学图像两大难题，作者曾于1993年和1996年提出两项发明专利，为发展我国的该产业解决了两大技术关键。

关键词：超衍射权限分辨近场光学成像技术超分辨光学显微镜

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高海拔冻土区路基周边近地表流场特征及其工程意义

穆彦虎, 马巍, 杨朝晖, 栗晓林, 张坤, 毛运城

《工程（英文）》 2022年第14卷第7期页码 169-180 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.10.020

摘要：

块碎石、通风管和热管等主动冷却措施广泛应用于冻土区工程建设，通过强化冷季与外界空气的换热过程降低下伏多年冻土的温度，进而确保气候变暖背景下工程构筑物的长期稳定性。对于气冷类主动冷却措施而言，对流换热过程至关重要，因此掌握构筑物周边流场特征具有重要的意义。结合青藏高原北麓河高等级公路试验示范工程，沿垂直于路基走向的横剖面开展了路基周边近地表流场的长期定位观测。基于6 个观测塔完整的一年观测数据，研究了路基两侧60 m范围内地面以上0.5 m、1.5 m、3.0 m和4.5 m高度上风速、风向的空间分布特征及季节变化规律。结果表明，路基的存在对近地表流场有显著的影响，在背风侧的影响距离可达10 倍路基高度。路基周边近地表风速沿高度的分布可用综合幂次律描述，幂次值为0.14~0.4；远离路基位置幂次值年均水平为0.19，与以往研究中常用值存在差异。讨论了近地表风场的空间分布和季节变化对包括块石、通风管等气冷路基结构工作机制和长期效果的影响，认为低估近地表风场速度剖面的幂次值、忽略风向的季节变化可能导致气冷类主动冷却降温措施设计的不足。现场测试结果可为高原冻土区工程建设提供有益参考。

关键词：进地表流场现场观测气冷措施线性交通工程青藏高原

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利用方向矢量分解的近场及严格非圆信源三维定位 Research Article

李正1,2,沈金清1,2,张小飞1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第4期页码 644-652 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100034

摘要：关于中心对称十字阵下近场及严格非圆信源的三维定位很少有报道。本文提出一个性能改进算法。分离方向矢量中多个参数以将方向矢量转变为若干矩阵的乘积形式，并且每个矩阵只包含一个参数。由此可以通过一个一维谱搜索来解决每个待估计参数。尽管该算法复杂度是我们之前提出算法的若干倍，然而，其关于波达方向的估计误差和分辨率估计性能得到提升，同时距离估计性能也能够保持不变。所提算法优越性在仿真结果中得到验证。

关键词：定位；中心对称十字阵；非圆信源；近场；方向矢量分解

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Analysis of resonant coupling coil configurations of EV wireless charging system: a simulation study

M. LU, A. JUNUSSOV, M. BAGHERI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 152-165 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0615-1

摘要： Nowadays, internal combustion engine vehicles are considered as one of the major contributors to air pollution. To make transportation more environmentally friendly, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have been proposed. However, with an increase in the number of PEVs, the drawbacks associated with the cost and size, as well as charging cables of batteries have arisen. To address these challenges, a novel technology named wireless charging system has been recently recommended. This technology rapidly evolves and becomes very attractive for charging operations of electric vehicles. Currently, wireless charging systems offer highly efficient power transfer over the distances ranging from several millimeters to several hundred millimeters. This paper is focused on analyzing electromagnetically coupled resonant wireless technique used for the charging of EVs. The resonant wireless charging system for EVs is modeled, simulated, and then examined by changing different key parameters to evaluate how transfer distance, load, and coil’s geometry, precisely number of coil’s turns, coil’s shape, and inter-turn distance, influence the efficiency of the charging process. The simulation results are analyzed and critical dimensions are discussed. It is revealed that a proper choice of the dimensions, inter-turn distance, and transfer distance of the coil can result in a significant improvement in charging efficiency. Furthermore, the influence of the transfer distance, frequency, load, as well as the number of the turns of the coil on the performance of wireless charging system is the main focus of this paper.

关键词： electromagnetically coupled resonator near-field power transfer wireless power transfer (WPT)

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Study on the Path of “Near-zero Emission” Coal-based Clean Energy Ecosystem Development

Zhang Yu-zhuo

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 37-41 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014007

摘要： Developing a "near-zero emission" coal-based clean energy ecosystem bears great significance for the sustainable development of clean energy in China and the world at large. This article delves into the development strategy, implementation pathways and key priorities of China's "near-zero emission" coal-based clean energy ecosystem, and in turn proposes specific measures to underpin the development and implementation of such system.

关键词： near-zero emission clean energy ecosystem study on the path

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Research and industrialization of near-net rolling technology used in shaft parts

Zhenghuan HU, Baoyu WANG, Zhenhua ZHENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第1期页码 17-24 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0480-3

摘要：

Shaft part rolling is an efficient and green near-net shaping technology offering many advantages, including high production efficiency, high material utilization rate, high product quality, and excellent production environment. In this paper, the features of shaft part rolling are introduced along with the working principles of two main shaft part rolling technologies, namely, cross wedge rolling (CWR) and skew rolling (SR). In relation to this technology, some R&D achievements gained by the University of Science and Technology Beijing are summarized. Finally, the latest developments in shaft part rolling are presented, including SR steel balls, precise forming of camshaft blank by CWR, SR phosphorous copper balls at room temperature, and CWR hollow axle sleeve. Although the shaft part rolling technology has been widely used in China, it only accounts for about 15% of applicable parts at present. Nevertheless, this technology has broad application prospects.

关键词： cross wedge rolling skew rolling near-net rolling shaft part

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Special issue: Near-net shaping technology

Dequn LI, Dongming GUO, Qingxue HUANG, Yanchun LOU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0497-7

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Review: Tip-based vibrational spectroscopy for nanoscale analysis of emerging energy materials

Amun JARZEMBSKI, Cedric SHASKEY, Keunhan PARK

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 43-71 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0524-8

摘要： Vibrational spectroscopy is one of the key instrumentations that provide non-invasive investigation of structural and chemical composition for both organic and inorganic materials. However, diffraction of light fundamentally limits the spatial resolution of far-field vibrational spectroscopy to roughly half the wavelength. In this article, we thoroughly review the integration of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with vibrational spectroscopy to enable the nanoscale characterization of emerging energy materials, which has not been possible with far-field optical techniques. The discussed methods utilize the AFM tip as a nanoscopic tool to extract spatially resolved electronic or molecular vibrational resonance spectra of a sample illuminated by a visible or infrared (IR) light source. The absorption of light by electrons or individual functional groups within molecules leads to changes in the sample’s thermal response, optical scattering, and atomic force interactions, all of which can be readily probed by an AFM tip. For example, photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) spectroscopy methods measure a sample’s local thermal expansion or temperature rise. Therefore, they use the AFM tip as a thermal detector to directly relate absorbed IR light to the thermal response of a sample. Optical scattering methods based on scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) correlate the spectrum of scattered near-field light with molecular vibrational modes. More recently, photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM) has been developed to measure the change of the optical force gradient due to the light absorption by molecular vibrational resonances using AFM’s superb sensitivity in detecting tip-sample force interactions. Such recent efforts successfully breech the diffraction limit of light to provide nanoscale spatial resolution of vibrational spectroscopy, which will become a critical technique for characterizing novel energy materials.

关键词： vibrational spectroscopy atomic force microscopy photo-thermal induced resonance scanning near-field optical microscopy tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy photo-induced force microscopy molecular resonances surface phonon polaritons energy materials

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Determining casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts by computed tomography

Jiehua LI, Bernd OBERDORFER, Daniel HABE, Peter SCHUMACHER

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第1期页码 48-52 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0493-y

摘要：

Three types of near-net shape casting aluminum parts were investigated by computed tomography to determine casting defects and evaluate quality. The first, second, and third parts were produced by low-pressure die casting (Al-12Si-0.8Cu-0.5Fe-0.9Mg-0.7Ni-0.2Zn alloy), die casting (A356, Al-7Si-0.3Mg), and semi-solid casting (A356, Al-7Si-0.3Mg), respectively. Unlike die casting (second part), low-pressure die casting (first part) significantly reduced the formation of casting defects (i.e., porosity) due to its smooth filling and solidification under pressure. No significant casting defect was observed in the third part, and this absence of defects indicates that semi-solid casting could produce high-quality near-net shape casting aluminum parts. Moreover, casting defects were mostly distributed along the eutectic grain boundaries. This finding reveals that refinement of eutectic grains is necessary to optimize the distribution of casting defects and reduce their size. This investigation demonstrated that computed tomography is an efficient method to determine casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts.

关键词： near-net shape casting aluminum parts casting defects low pressure die casting die casting semi-solid casting computed tomography

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Chemisorption solid materials for hydrogen storage near ambient temperature: a review

Yiheng ZHANG, Shaofei WU, Liwei WANG, Xuefeng ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 72-101 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0835-7

摘要： Solid chemisorption technologies for hydrogen storage, especially high-efficiency hydrogen storage of fuel cells in near ambient temperature zone defined from −20 to 100°C, have a great application potential for realizing the global goal of carbon dioxide emission reduction and vision of carbon neutrality. However, there are several challenges to be solved at near ambient temperature, i.e., unclear hydrogen storage mechanism, low sorption capacity, poor sorption kinetics, and complicated synthetic procedures. In this review, the characteristics and modification methods of chemisorption hydrogen storage materials at near ambient temperature are discussed. The interaction between hydrogen and materials is analyzed, including the microscopic, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties. Based on the classification of hydrogen storage metals, the operation temperature zone and temperature shifting methods are discussed. A series of modification and reprocessing methods are summarized, including preparation, synthesis, simulation, and experimental analysis. Finally, perspectives on advanced solid chemisorption materials promising for efficient and scalable hydrogen storage systems are provided.

关键词： hydrogen storage capacity chemisorption near-ambient-temperature modification methods alloy hydrides

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Factors influencing near infrared spectroscopy analysis of agro-products: a review

Xiao XU, Lijuan XIE, Yibin YING

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 105-115 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019255

摘要：

The near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique has wide applications in agriculture with the advantages of being nondestructive, sensitive, safe and rapid. However, there are still more than 40 error sources influencing the robustness and accuracy of its calibration and operation. Environmental, sample and instrument factors that influence the analysis are discussed in this review, including temperature, humidity and other factors that introduce uncertainty. Error sources from livestock products, fruit and vegetables, which are the most common objects in the field of NIR analysis, are also emphasized in the second part. In addition, studies utilizing different instruments, spectral pretreatments, variable selection methods, wavelength ranges, detection modes and calibration methods are tabulated to illustrate the complications they introduce and how they influence NIR analysis. It is suggested that large scale of data with abundant varieties can be used to build a more robust calibration model, in order to improve the robustness and accuracy of the NIR analytical model, and overcome problems caused by confining analysis to too many uniform samples.

关键词： agro-product error source influence factor near infrared spectroscopy

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Implementation of sinh method in integration space for boundary integrals with near singularity in potential

Guizhong XIE,Dehai ZHANG,Jianming ZHANG,Fannian MENG,Wenliao DU,Xiaoyu WEN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第4期页码 412-422 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0396-8

摘要：

As a widely used numerical method, boundary element method (BEM) is efficient for computer aided engineering (CAE). However, boundary integrals with near singularity need to be calculated accurately and efficiently to implement BEM for CAE analysis on thin bodies successfully. In this paper, the distance in the denominator of the fundamental solution is first designed as an equivalent form using approximate expansion and the original sinh method can be revised into a new form considering the minimum distance and the approximate expansion. Second, the acquisition of the projection point by Newton-Raphson method is introduced. We acquire the nearest point between the source point and element edge by solving a cubic equation if the location of the projection point is outside the element, where boundary integrals with near singularity appear. Finally, the subtriangles of the local coordinate space are mapped into the integration space and the sinh method is applied in the integration space. The revised sinh method can be directly performed in the integration element. A verification test of our method is proposed. Results demonstrate that our method is effective for regularizing the boundary integrals with near singularity.

关键词： computer aided engineering (CAE) boundary element method (BEM) near singularity sinh method coordinate transformation integration space